Building construction.



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PATENTED MAY l14. 1907.

W. H. KEYSBR.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

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UNITED vs-IAfrns PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM II. KnYsER, voF WILLs POINT, TEXAS.

` B'ulLDlNe. CONSTRUCTION.

No. ssasoz.

Speccation of Letters Patent. l

i" fPatented May 14, 1907.

Appnmion and May as, 1h05. Renewed october 20,1906. serial irofaaiifii To all whom, t may concern.:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. KEYsER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Wills Point, in the county of 'Van Zandt and State ofTeXas, have invented new and useful Improvements in Building Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in building construction, and particularly 'to the construction of metallic beams, columns, girders, joists, studs,

` etc., formed of plates and adapted to be embedded in concrete, one object of the invention being to provideI an limproved'construction of plate having perforations for the passage of the cement or concrete through it, whereby the embedded plate is adapted to be more firmly and rigidly bound in the con- .crete in such manner-as to utilize its full ten'- sile, tensive and compressive strength.

- Another object of the invention is to provide plates in which the perforations are so formed `as to not materially weaken the plate while affording amore effective bonding of the plates-by the4 concrete, the openings further being so constructed as to rov1 e embeddingP .projections which materially strengthen 1;he connection.

Still another object is to provide simple and "effective means for joining the plates or elements of a girderor joist to form an arch or truss in the concrete; also'to provide a simple .and secure connection for supporting joists and studs from girders, A

With this and other 'objects in view, the invention consists of the features of construction, combination and arrangements of parts hereinafter fully described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in.

whichz- Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a column, girder and joist constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side elevation of-a column and girder .issv

Fig. 3 is a 'sectional view through the stirrup and Qontiguous portions of theV girder and joist; Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section through the girder as completed and embedde "l in the concrete; Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the same; Fig. 6 is a plan view showing the mode of connecting girders to la column and also the `arrangement of the transverse truss i plates; Fig. 7 is@ detail vView of the stirrup;

Fig. 8 is a section on line 8-,8 of Fig. 9; and

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a portion of the girder.' Referring Anow more particularly to -the drawings, the letter A designates a column, B a girder, and() a joist, constructed of elements made inl accordance; with my 1nven' tion. 6o

` In structural steel works, beams, columns, girders, joists, studs and like portions of a structure are formed of plates, generally rolled steel plates, which are joined to form a part or element, the several diderent parts or 6 5- elements of the building structure being riv. f. eted or otherwise joined together. These elements are generally embedded in cement or concrete to securely tie them together and form a rigid, strong and durable mass, where- 7o by the metallic parts are effectually protected from atmospheric influencesand are adapted to be employed to form a wall, ceiling or -floor structure which is fire proof and of maximum strength to resist the strainsrto 475 ,which the parts of are subjected. One object of my invention arge and heavy buildings is to provide means for more securely and rigidly bonding the parts and positivelyfas-y tening them to the concrete in which -they 8o are embedded so that they can not Apossibly shift and cause disintegration of the concrete' or cement massv and throw objectionable strain upon the coperating elementsl of the building structure. each plate or element 1 withl a plurality of apertures 2 through which the cement may pass when the plate or element is embedded therein, the por-tions of the cement passing r through the apertures constituting bonds which rigidly connect the portions of con" crete. or cement lying upon opposite sides of the plate and therebysecurely tie them together, this construction causing the plate tov [be rigidly held against shifting so that its full strength may e utilized without throwingstrain upon connecting parts. In order to secure the best results, the holes or-apertures 2 are so formed and arranged as to prevent weakening of the plate to any material exroo tent, for this purpose the holes are arranged in longitudinal transverse rows and graduated in size, the holes of the intermediate longitudinal row being largest, those of the outer row lying nearest the edges of the plate next 4 in size, and those between the central outer longitudinal rows smaller than the openings in either of the first named rows. By this construction the larger holes or openings formed in the plate are widely sepa- 11o rated, while intermediate openings are pro- `vided -between themV in order that the'entire To thls end, I provide 85 1 4surface' of the plate Vmay be bonded in the cement; Further 'the intermediate rows lof Openings are arranged out of alinement with i the outer larger rows of the openings, so that '.5 While the larger openings lle 1n alinernent n .transversely and form both transverse and will lie on linesbetween the transverse rows of th larger openings, thus providing in ef- 'ro feet a staggered lrelation of the openings which causes them-to be disposed in such `manner as to effect the tying or bonding of the plate inthe cement in the most efficient way and without undulyweakening the plate orimpairing its tensile, tensive and compressive strength. .These apertures also permit of the use of verticallydisposed bracing plates between the elements of a column or other vertically disposed structural part in zo order to increase the strength thereof, as the connecting portions of cement passing through the openings will prevent the plate from shifting and hold it rigidly in a perpendicular position, thus allowing its full tensile, tensive and compressive strength to be attained and utilized.

Each opening 2 is formed by the action of a suitable vdie or punch, and in the operation of forming it the metal displaced to produce 3o the same is laterally deflected to project from opposite si des of the plate and form opposite ragged edges or series of projections 4, which j are also embedded in the concrete in the process of building a structural part and l .35 adds greatly to the bonding and holding acl i tion, the projections supplementing the acthrough the holes to prevent movement'or shifting of the plate in its bed of concrete in 4o any direction. In the successive rows of openings, the ragged edges or projections 4 may be alternately displaced upon opposite sidesof the plate, that is 4to say, the projection of one opening will extend from one side 4 5 of the plate, while the projection of the next adj acentl opening will extend from the opposite side of the plate, and so on throughout the series of holes, thus arranging the said projections so that the holding action on 5o oth sides of the plate will be e ualized throughout the length thereof. n fact either construction will be such that the proj ections will hold the plate so firmly that the latter cannot shift without beingbroken un- 5 5 der the strain. y

In the construction of girders and joists, I preferably employ a series of bracing or truss plates 5 between the lates or elements 1, these brace or truss p ates 5 being formed 6o with perforations 6 similarv to the erforations 2 for the purpose of bonding or olding them fast in the bed offcement. The plates 5 are secured in position by means of bolts 7 'or other suitable fastenings attached to the 65 plates 1 and` are set at an angle to the vertilongitudinal rows, the intermediate openings' tion of the portions of cement projecting the construction and mo cal, as clearly show-1f Figs-famigsaid plates be'ing, in other words, 'arranged ob- 1quely or substantially so to the longitudinal axis ofthe plates, so as to present broadupf,

per and lower faces at an angle to the por'- tions of cement above and below, so that when embedded they will practically form a series of arches or.trusses in the concrete, thus rigidly tying or bonding the plates 1 and forming a structure which is absolutely rigid in a solid mass and which willeffectually prevent independent play of the parts to a sufficient extent to cause Wear upon the connecting bolts or rivets or disintegration of the cement or concrete in which the elements are embedded. Y

The ordinary mode of connecting the elements of a structure together may be einployed except in the case of connecting a j oist froma beam or girder, in which instance I preferably employ astirrup 8 of the form shown in detail in Fig. 7. This stirrup is i adapted to receive and support the contiguous.end of the oist, and is provided at its upper edge with a plurality of hooks 9 ada ted to engage the u per edge of one of the p ates or elements of t e beam or girder to support the j oist therefrom.' The stirrup may be bolted or riveted to the parts which it connects or it may be left loose, as it will be securely bound in osition by the bed of concrete. cheap and effective.

It will be understood, ofcourse, that in the construction of both horizontal and vertical structural elements one or more of the perfo- .ratedplates may be disposed between the plates of the elements in order to effect a Amore rigid, strong and durable connection, and that in the adaptation of the invention to either rectangular or circular columns a number of apertured plates may be disposed vertically therein in such manner as to more securely tie and bond the parts at the opposite sides thereof, thus giving a strong and durable axial support in which the parts will be bound together in a solid mass. By this mode of using interior perforated plates a continuous construction either in columns or walls is effected. It is readily understood that concrete construction should not stop after being commenced, and my construction `permits a continuous construction to be more e'ectively carried on,- but in the event of a -delay in operation for a short time perforated steel plates, either vertical or horizontal, may be inserted at such points as may become necessary to fully bond the same as though the work were continued withoutdelay.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accom anying drawings, de of o eration of the invention will be understoo Without a further extended description.

Changes in the form, proportions and mi- This mo e of connection is simple,

'nor details of construction may be made prising spacedv erforated lates, an intermediateperforate plate, an a body of cement in which the plates are embedded, the portions of the cement between the plates being j joined by integral portions thereof projecting through the apertures in the'plates. 3. A structural element for buildings comprising spaced parallel plates, angularly arranged bracing plates between said parallel plates, and bolts passing through said bracing plates and tying the same to the parallel plates.

4. A structural element for buildings comprising spaced parallel plates, series of angu- 'arly arranged bracing plates between said parallel plates, the bracing plates of one series being arranged on lines between the bracing plates of the other series, and fastenings tying the bracing plates to the parallel plates.

In testimony whereof, I aiiix my signature in presence of 'two witnesses.

WILLIAM H. KEYSER, Vitnesses:

H. P. MozrER, LUTHER JONES. 

